Ba-Saddik ASS and Hattab AS. (2012). Emotional abuse towards children by schoolteachers in Aden Governorate, Yemen: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2012, 12:647. Retrieved January 29, 2018 from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/12/647.

Center for Children’s Justice (C4CJ). (2015). Child Protection FAQ: ChildLine (PA’s Child Abuse Reporting Hotline). Children’s Justice & Advocacy Report. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://www.c4cj.org/files/ChildLineFAQ22015.pdf.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2017). Child Maltreatment: Risk and Protective Factors. Retrieved January 29, 2018 from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childmaltreatment/riskprotectivefactors.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2016). Child Maltreatment: Prevention Strategies. Retrieved January 29, 2018 from https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childmaltreatment/prevention.html.

Chapple D. (2015). More than just a bruise: Recognizing child physical abuse. BCMJ, Vol. 57, No. 7, September 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2018 from http://www.bcmj.org/articles/more-just-bruise-recognizing-child-physical-abuse.

Child Welfare Information Gateway (CWIG). (2013). Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Bureau. Retrieved January 29, 2018 from https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/preventingcan/.

Child Welfare Information Gateway (CWIG). (2012). Acts of Omission: An Overview of Child Neglect. Retrieved January 29, 2018 from https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/focus/acts/.

Hemmings S, Jakobowitz S, Abas M, et al. (2016). Responding to the health needs of survivors of human trafficking: A systematic review. BMC Health Services Research 2016 16:320. Doi:10.1186/s12913-016-1538-8. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-016-1538-8.

Herendeen PA, Blevins R, Anson E, Smith J. (2014) Barriers to and consequences of mandated reporting of child abuse by nurse practitioners. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 28(1):e1-e7. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://www.jpedhc.org/article/S0891-5245(13)00214-9/fulltext.

Joint State Government Commission (JSGC). (2015). General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Juvenile Delinquency and Dependency: Juvenile Act Revisions and Review of Juvenile Life Without Parole. Retrieved January 29, 2018 from http://jsg.legis.state.pa.us/resources/documents/ftp/publications/2015-414-Final%20JAAC%20Report%207.31.15%20240pm.pdf.

Juvenile Court Judges’ Commission (JCJC). (2017). Our Balanced and Restorative Justice Mission. Retrieved January 29, 2018 from http://www.jcjc.pa.gov/Balanced-Restorative-Mission/Pages/default.aspx.

KeepKidsSafe.PA.gov (KKSP). (nd). Child Protective Services Laws. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://www.childprotection.state.pa.us/.

KeepKidsSafe.PA.gov (KKSP). (2018). Safe Haven Law. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://keepkidssafe.pa.gov/safehavenlaw/index.htm. See also http://www.secretsafe.org.

KeepKidsSafe.PA.gov (KKSP). (2015a). Department of Human Services Launches Child Protection Information System. Press Release, January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://www.keepkidssafe.pa.gov/cs/groups/webcontent/documents/document/c_135048.pdf.

KeepKidsSafe.PA.gov (KKSP). (2015b). Mandated Reporter Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://keepkidssafe.pa.gov/cs/groups/webcontent/documents/document/c_137646.pdf.

KeepKidsSafe.PA.gov (KKSP). (2015c). Permissive Reporter Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://keepkidssafe.pa.gov/cs/groups/webcontent/documents/document/c_137647.pdf.

Kuo JR, Goldin PR, Werner K, et al. (2011). Childhood trauma and current psychological functioning in adults with social anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2011 May; 25(4): 467–473. Retrieved January 29, 2018 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074005/?tool=pubmed.

Lynne EG, Gifford EJ, Evans KE, Rosch JB. (2015). Barriers to Reporting Child Maltreatment: Do Emergency Medical Services Professionals Fully Understand Their Role as Mandatory Reporters? North Carolina Medical Journal January 2015 vol. 76 no. 1 13-18. Doi: 10.18043/ncm.76.1.13. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://www.ncmedicaljournal.com/content/76/1/13.long.

National Human Trafficking Hotline (NHTH). (2017). Pennsylvania. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from https://humantraffickinghotline.org/state/pennsylvania.

National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC). (2012). Understanding child sexual abuse definitions and rates. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://nsvrc.org/sites/default/files/NSVRC_Publications_TalkingPoints_Understanding-Child-Sexual-Abuse-definitions-rates.pdf.

PA Families (2014). Mandated Reporting in Pennsylvania. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://pafamiliesinc.org/understanding-systems/office-of-children-youth-and-families/mandated-reporting-in-pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania Code (PA Code). (2016). § 3490.4. Definitions. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/055/chapter3490/s3490.4.html.

Pennsylvania Department Education (PDOE). (2018). Background Checks. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://www.education.pa.gov/Teachers%20-%20Administrators/Background%20checks/Pages/default.aspx#tab-1.

Pennsylvania Department of Human Services (PDHS). (2017). Annual Child Protective Services Report 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from www.dhs.pa.gov/cs/groups/webcontent/documents/report/c_260865.pdf.

Pennsylvania Department of Human Services (PDHS). (2016). Annual Child Protective Services Report 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2018 from http://www.dhs.pa.gov/cs/groups/webcontent/documents/document/c_226999.pdf.

Pennsylvania Family Support Alliance (PAFSA). (2017). Changes in the Child Protective Services Law (CPSL). Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://www.pa-fsa.org/Mandated-Reporters/Resources-for-Mandated-Reporters/Changes-in-the-Child-Protective-Services-Law-CPSL.

Pennsylvania General Assembly (PGA). (2017). Consolidated Statutes. Title 23 Domestic Relations. Retrieved January 24, 2018 from http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/legis/LI/consCheck.cfm?txtType=HTM&ttl=23.

Reilly J and Martin S. (2015). Child Abuse recognition and reporting. A self-study guide for people working with children. UNCE Special Publication 09-11 Updated November 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2018 from http://www.unce.unr.edu/publications/files/cy/2009/sp0911.pdf.

Spröber N, Schneider T, Rassenhofer M, et al. (2014). Child sexual abuse in religiously affiliated and secular institutions: A retrospective descriptive analysis of data provided by victims in a government-sponsored reappraisal program in Germany. BMC Public Health 2014, 14:282. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-282. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/14/282.

Thompson C. (2014). Bills would change child abuse reporting requirements in Pa., defining who reports and how. In: The Patriot News April 4, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2018 from http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2014/04/bills_beefing_up_child_abuse_r.html.

United States Department of State (USDOS). (2017). Trafficking in Persons Report, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2018 from https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/271339.pdf.

Watkins SA. (1990). The Mary Ellen myth: Correcting child welfare history. Social Work 35(6):500–503.