American Psychiatric Association, DSM-IV-TR. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, 4th ed. Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

Anderson R, Kochanek K, Murphy S. (1997). Report of final mortality statistics. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 45(11). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

Bem S. (1993). The Lenses of Gender. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Bird CE, Rieker PP. (1999). Gender matters: An integrated model for understanding men’s and women’s health. Social Science and Medicine 48(6):745–55.

Brannon R. (1985). Dimensions of the male sex role in America. In AG Sargent (ed.) Beyond sex roles, 2nd ed. New York: West.

Bremner JD. (2002). Does Stress Damage the Brain? Understanding Trauma-Related Disorders from a Neurological Perspective. New York: WW Norton.

Brown GK, Beck AT, Steer RA, Grisham JR. (2000). Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: A 20-year prospective study. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology 68:371–77.

Caplan PJ. (1995). They Say You’re Crazy: How the World’s Most Powerful Psychiatrists Decide Who’s Normal. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Cochran SV, Rabinowitz FE. (2000). Men and Depression: Clinical and Empirical Perspectives. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Courtenay W. (2011). Dying to Be Men: Psychosocial, Environmental, and Biobehavioral Directions in Promoting the Health of Men and Boys. Routledge Series on Counseling and Psychotherapy with Boys and Men. London: Routledge.

Culbertson FM. (1997). Depression and gender. An international review. American Psychologist 52:25–31.

Crenshaw TL. (1996). The Alchemy of Love and Lust. New York: Putman.

Deaux K. (1985). Sex and gender. Annual Reviews of Psychological Research 36:49–81.

Diamond J. (2004). The Irritable Male Syndrome: Managing the Four Key Causes of Depression and Aggression. Emmaus, PA: Rodale.

Dunlop BW, Mletzko T. (2011). Will current socioeconomic trends produce a depressing future for men? British Journal of Psychiatry 198:167–68.

Ekman P. (2003). Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life. New York: Times Books. Pp. 50–51.

Eme RF, Kavanaugh L. (1995). Sex differences in conduct disorder. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 24:406–26.

Ernst C, Angst J. (1992). The Zurich Study, XII. Sex differences in depression: Evidence from Longitudinal epidemiological data. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 241:222–30.

Faludi S. (1999). Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man. New York: Wm. Morrow.

Gaynes BN, West SL, Ford CA, et al. (2004). Screening for suicide risk in adults: A summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine 140(10):822–35.

Gold JH. (1998). Gender differences in psychiatric illness and treatments: A critical review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 186(12):769–75.

Good GE, Wood PK. (1995). Male gender role conflict, depression, and help seeking: Do college men face double jeopardy? Journal of Counseling and Developmen, 74:70–75.

Goodman SH, Lahey BB, Fielding B, et al. (1997). Representativeness of clinical samples of youths with mental disorders: A preliminary population-based study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 106:3–14.

Hartung CM, Widiger TA. (1998). Gender differences in the diagnosis of mental disorders: Conclusions and controversies of the DSM-IV. Psychological Bulletin 123(3):260–78.

Institute of Medicine (IOM). (2001). Committee on understanding the biology of sex and gender differences. In TM Wizemann and ML Pardue (eds.), Exploring the biological contributions of human health: Does sex matter? Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Jamison KR. (1997). An Unquiet Mind: A Memoir of Moods and Madness. New York: Vintage.

Kaplan M. (1983). A woman’s view of DSM-III. American Psychologist 38:786–92.

Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Swartz M, et al. (1999). Sex and Depression in the National Comorbidity Survey I. Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence. Journal of Affective Disorders 29:85–96.

Kilmartin C. (2005). Depression in men: Communication, diagnosis and therapy. Journal of Men’s Health and Gender 2(1):95–99.

Kuehner C. (2003). Gender differences in unipolar depression: An update of epidemiological findings and possible explanations. Acta Psychiatr Scand 108:163–74.

Liebenluft E. (1996). Women with bipolar illness: Clinical and research issues. American Journal of Psychiatry 153:163–73.

Lincoln G. (2001). The irritable male syndrome. Reproduction, Fertility, and Development 13:567–76.

Lynch J, Kilmartin C. (1999). The Pain Behind the Mask: Overcoming Masculine Depression. New York: Haworth Press.

Mann JJ. (2002). A current perspective of suicide and attempted suicide. Annals of Internal Medicine 136(4):302–311.

Matthews K, Milne S, Ashcroft GW. (1994). Role of doctors in the prevention of suicide: The final consultation. British Journal of General Practice 44:345–48.

Meryn S, Metka M, Kindl G. (2000). Men’s Health and the Hormone Revolution. Lerner Communications.

Möller-Leimkühler AM. (2002). Barriers to help-seeking by men: A review of sociocultural and clinical literature with particular reference to depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 71:1–9.

Möller-Leimkühler AM. (2003). The gender gap in suicide and premature death, or, Why are men so vulnerable? European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 253:1–8.

Möller-Leimkühler AM, Bottlender R, Straus A, Rutz W. (2004). Is there evidence for a male depressive syndrome in inpatients with major depression? Journal of Affective Disorders 80(1):87–93.

Murphy G. (1998). Why women are less likely than men to commit suicide. Comprehensive Psychiatry 39:165–75.

Murray CJ, Lopez AD. (Eds.) (1996). The global burden of disease: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Boston: Harvard School of Public Health.

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). (2001). National Strategy for Suicide Prevention: Goals and Objectives for Action. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). 1987). Sex differences in depressive disorders: A review of recent research. Depression Awareness, Recognition, and Treatment (D/ART) Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Nemeroff CB, Musselman DL, Evans DL. (1998). Depression and cardiac disease. Depression and Anxiety 8:71–79.

Nolen-Hoeksema S. (1990). Sex Differences in Depression. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Nolen-Hoeksema S. (1995). Gender differences in coping with depression across the lifespan. Depression 3:81–90.

Nolen-Hoeksema S, Larson J, Grayson C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77(5):1061–71.

Oquendo M, Malone K, Ellis S, et al. (1999). Inadequacy of antidepressant for patients with major depression who are at risk for suicidal behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry 156:190–94.

Peveler R, Carson A, Rodin G. (2002). ABC of psychological medicine: Depression in medical patients. British Medical Journal 325:149–52.

Pollack W. (1998). Mourning, melancholia, and masculinity: Recognizing and treating depression in men. In W Pollack and R Levant (eds.), New psychotherapy for men. New York: Wiley.

Real T. (1997). I don’t want to talk about it: Overcoming the legacy of male depression. New York: Fireside.

Rutz W. (1999). Improvement of care for people suffering from depression: The need for comprehensive education. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 14(suppl3):27–33.

Rutz W. (2001a). Preventing suicide and premature death by education and treatment. Journal of Affective Disorder, 62 (1-2):123–29.

Rutz W. (2001b). Improving the recognition and monitoring of depressive conditions: Implications for suicide prevention. In A. Dawson and A Tylee (eds.), Depression: Social and Economic Time Bomb. London: BMJ Publishing Group, 67–74.

Rutz W, von Knorring L, Pihlgren H, et al. (1995). Prevention of male suicides: Lessons from Gotland study. Lancet 345:524.

Sharp LK, Lipsky MS. (2002). Screening for depression across the lifespan: A review of measures for use in primary care settings. American Family Physician 66(6):1001–1008.

Small MF. (1995). What’s Love Got to Do with It? The Evolution of Human Mating. New York: Doubleday.

Stommel M, Given GA, Given CW, et al. (1993). Gender bias in the measurement properties of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Psychiatry Research 49:239–50.

Suh T, Gallo JI. (1997). Symptom of depression among general medical service users compared with specialty mental health service users. Psychological Medicine 27:1051–63.

Turner S. (1995). Identifying Depression in the Workplace. HR Magazine 40(10):82–84.

Weissman MM, Klerman GL. (1977). Sex differences in the epidemiology of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 34:98–111.

Whitfield CL. (2003). The Truth About Depression: Choices for Healing. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications.

Widiger TA, Spitzer RI. (1991). Sex bias in the diagnosis of personality disorders: Conceptual and methodological issues. Clinical Psychology Review 11:1–22.

Williams JW, Noel PW, Cordes JA, et al. (2002). Is this patient clinically depressed? Journal of the American Medical Association 287(9):1160–71.

Winokur,G. (1997). All roads lead to depression: Clinically homogeneous, etiologically heterogeneous. Journal of Affective Disorders 45:97–108.

Wood W, Eagly AH. (2002). A cross-cultural analysis of the behavior of women and men. Psychological Bulletin 128:(5):699–727.

Wurtman J, Marquis NF. (2006). The Serotonin Power Diet: Use Your Brain’s Natural Chemistry to Cut Cravings, Curb Emotional Overeating, and Lose Weight. Emmaus, PA: Rodale.