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7. References / Quiz Login or Register

Akahome P. (2024). HIV-1 subtypes. Retrieved November 1, 2024, from https://www.aidsmap.com/about-hiv/hiv-1-subtypes.

Basile KC, Smith SG, Kresnow M, Khatiwada S, Leemis RW. (2022). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2016/2017 Report on Sexual Violence. Retrieved November 10, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/nisvs/documentation/nisvsReportonSexualViolence.pdf.

Benisek A. (2024). HIV Drug Resistance: What to Know. Retrieved November 11, 2024, from https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/hiv-drug-resistance.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024). HIV. Retrieved September 1, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024a). Estimated HIV incidence and prevalence in the United States, 2018–2022. HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report, 2024; 29 (No.1). Retrieved September 10, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/nhss/estimated-hiv-incidence-and-prevalence.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024b). Fast Facts: HIV in the United States. Retrieved September 10, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024c). HIV Diagnoses, Deaths, and Prevalence. Retrieved September 10, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/nhss/hiv-diagnoses-deaths-prevalence.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024d). Preventing HIV with PEP. Retrieved November 9, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/pep.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/pep.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024e). Clinical Testing Guidance for HIV. Retrieved November 1, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hivnexus/hcp/diagnosis-testing/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024f). Getting Tested for HIV. Retrieved November 1, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024g). Clinical Care of HIV. Retrieved November 9, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hivnexus/hcp/clinical-care/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024h). Retrieved November 5, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/talk-testing.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024j). Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Retrieved November 1, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/prep/index.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024k). Clinical Guidance for PrEP. Retrieved November 1, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hivnexus/hcp/prep/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024m). Data and Statistics. Tuberculosis (TB). Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/default.htm.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024n). About Tuberculosis. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/tb/about/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024p). TB Overview Factsheet. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/media/pdfs/2024/05/2024_DGHT-TB-Overview-Factsheet.pdf.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024q). Treating Tuberculosis. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/tb/treatment/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024r). TB Risk and People with HIV. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/tb/risk-factors/hiv.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024s). Findings. National Overview of STIs in 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/sti-statistics/annual/summary.html and https://www.cdc.gov/sti-statistics/annual/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024t). Getting Tested for STIs. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/sti/testing/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024u). Hepatitis B Surveillance 2022. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2022surveillance/hepatitis-b.htm.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024v). Hepatitis C Basics. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-c/about/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024/2008). Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008. Retrieved October 29, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/disinfection-and-sterilization/index.html. PDF here: https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/media/pdfs/Guideline-Disinfection-H.pdf, includes updates since 2008.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023). HIV Treatment as Prevention. Retrieved November 11, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/art/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). Effectiveness of Prevention Strategies to Reduce the Risk of Acquiring or Transmitting HIV. Retrieved November 11, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/estimates/preventionstrategies.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022a). Reported Tuberculosis in the United States, 2022. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/reports/2022/Exec_Commentary.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2018). False Positive HIV Test Results. Retrieved November 8, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/partners/testing/cdc-hiv-factsheet-false-positive-test-results.pdf.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2014). Revised Surveillance Case Definition for HIV Infection — United States, 2014. MMWR Recommendations and Reports, April 11, 2104 / 63(RR03);1-10. Retrieved September 28, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6303a1.htm. See also: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/guidelines/reporting.html, https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/guidelines/index.html, https://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/index.html.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2006). Revised Recommendations for HIV Testing of Adults, Adolescents, and Pregnant Women in Healthcare Settings. MMWR, Recommendations and Reports. September 22, 2006 / 55(RR14);1-17.Retreived November 5, 2024, from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5514a1.htm.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (1987). Public Health Service guidelines for counseling and antibody testing to prevent HIV infection and AIDS. MMWR Weekly Report, August 14, 1987, 36(31):509-15. Retrieved November 10, 2024, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3112540/ (latest available).

Ellis RR. (2022). Types and Strains of HIV. Retrieved November 1, 2024, from https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/types-strains-hiv.

Healthline.com, Robbins J. (2020). What Is Acute HIV Infection? Retrieved November 5, 2024, from https://www.healthline.com/health/acute-hiv-infection.

HIV.gov. (2024). The Global HIV and AIDS Epidemic, Global Statistics. Retrieved October 15, 2024, from https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/global-statistics.

HIV.gov. (2024a). HIV Vaccines. Retrieved November 11, 2024, from https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/potential-future-options/hiv-vaccines.

HIVinfo.NIH.gov. (2024, 2021). Understanding HIV, Fact Sheets. Retrieved October 10, 2024, from https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/. Site includes HIV Overview, HIV Prevention, HIV Treatment, and Side Effects of HIV Medicines each with multiple detailed “fact sheets” on all aspects of HIV/AIDS, most updated in 2024.

HIVinfo.NIH.gov. (2024). HIV Medicines and Side Effects. Retrieved November 11, 2024, from https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/fact-sheets/hiv-medicines-and-side-effects.

HIVinfo.NIH.gov. (n.d.). HIV and Birth Control. Retrieved November 11, 2024, from https://hivinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv/infographics/hiv-and-birth-control.

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2024). The Urgency of Now: AIDS at a Crossroads, 2024 Global AIDS Update. Retrieved October 29, 2024, from https://crossroads.unaids.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/GAU-2024-Full-report_En.pdf. Executive summary here: https://crossroads.unaids.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Executive-summary_En.pdf.

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2024a). Fact Sheet 2024. Global HIV statistics. Retrieved September 18, 2024, from https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet.

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2024b). https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2024/july/20240722_global-aids-update

Kimble C, Chettiar IM. (2018) Sexual Assault Remains Dramatically Underreported. Retrieved November 5, 2024, from https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/sexual-assault-remains-dramatically-underreported.

King County. (2022). Tuberculosis in Seattle & King County. Public Health Seattle & King County. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://cdn.kingcounty.gov/-/media/depts/health/communicable-diseases/documents/tuberculosis/2022-TB-annual-report.ashx.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). (2024). HIVR4P 2024 Research Highlights: Reproductive Health While on PrEP and Signals to Guide HIV Vaccines and Cure. NIAID Now Blog. Retrieved November 11, 2024, from https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/hivr4p-2024-research-highlights.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). (2014). HIV Vaccine Awareness Day 2014. Statement by Anthony Fauci, Director of NIAID. Retrieved November 11, 2024, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNcGONBkRPI.

Operario D, Soma T, Underhill K. (2008). Sex Work and HIV Status Among Transgender Women. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 48(1). Retrieved November 9, 2024, from https://journals.lww.com/jaids/abstract/2008/05010/sex_work_and_hiv_status_among_transgender_women_.13.aspx.

Rodriguez CV, Horberg MA. (2014). Acute HIV Infection. Updates in HIV and AIDS: Part 1. Retrieved October 25, 2024, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/acute-hiv-infection.

Seladi-Schulman J. (2021). How Many HIV Strains, Types, and Subtypes Are There? Retrieved November 1, 2024, from https://www.healthline.com/health/hiv/hiv-strains.

Sucher, Gunderson, and Sucher. (2014). Management of Occupation Exposure to HIV. Retrieved November 9, 2024, from https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/management-of-occupational-exposure-to-hiv.

thebody.com. (2024). Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Fact Sheet. Retrieved November 9, 2024, from https://www.thebody.com/article/post-exposure-prophylaxis-pep-fact-sheet.

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). (2019). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening, Final Recommendation Statement, June 11, 2019. Retrieved November 8, 2024, from https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening.

Washington State Department of Health (WA DOH). (n.d.). Syringe Service Programs. Retrieved November 10, 2024, from https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/drug-user-health/syringe-service-programs. Directory here: https://doh.wa.gov/sspdirectory.

Washington State Department of Health (WA DOH). (n.d.-a). HIV Testing. Retrieved November 1, 2024, from https://doh.wa.gov/you-and-your-family/illness-and-disease-z/hiv/hiv-testing.

Washington State Department of Health (WA DOH). (2024). HIV Data, HIV in Washington State. Retrieved November 7, 2024, from https://doh.wa.gov/data-and-statistical-reports/washington-tracking-network-wtn/hiv.

Washington State Department of Health (WA DOH). (2024a). Communicable Disease Report 2022. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://doh.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-01/420-004-CDAnnualReport2022.pdf.

Washington State Department of Health (WA DOH). (2023). Washington State HIV Surveillance Report 2023 Edition. Retrieved November 1, 2024, from https://doh.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2024-01/160-246-HIVSurveillanceReport2023.pdf.

Washington State Department of Health (WA DOH). (2022). HIV Infection/AIDS. Legal Reporting Requirements. Retrieved November 8, 2024, from https://doh.wa.gov/public-health-provider-resources/notifiable-conditions/hivaids. Guidelines PDF here: https://doh.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2022-11/150157-HIVAIDSReportingGuidelines.pdf.

Washington State Department of Health (WA DOH). (2020). HIV Among Washington State’s Black Community. Retrieved November 5, 2024, from https://doh.wa.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/Documents/Pubs/150-046-HIVAmongBlackCommunity.pdf.

Washington State Department of Health (WA DOH). (2020a). HIV Among Washington State’s Hispanic/Latinx Community. Retrieved November 5, 2024, from https://doh.wa.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/Documents/Pubs/150-023-HIVAmongWAStateHispanicLatinxCommunity.pdf.

Washington State Department of Health (WA DOH). (2019). Reducing HIV Stigma and Discrimination in Washington State. The Medical Monitoring Project. Retrieved November 5, 2024, from https://doh.wa.gov/sites/default/files/legacy/Documents/Pubs/430-072-MMP-ReducingHIVStigma.pdf.

Washington State Legislature. (2020). Chapter 296-823 WAC. Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens. Retrieved November 11, 2024, from https://app.leg.wa.gov/wac/default.aspx?cite=296-823.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2024). HIV Drug Resistance. Retrieved November 8, 2024, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-drug-resistance.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2024a). Sexually transmitted infections. Fact sheet, May 21, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)/.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2024b). Tuberculosis. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis.

Yung CR. (2014). How to lie with rape statistics: America's hidden rape crisis. Iowa Law Review 99(1197). Retrieved November 11, 2024, from https://ilr.law.uiowa.edu/print/volume-99-issue-3/how-to-lie-with-rape-statistics-americas-hidden-rape-crisis. PDF here: https://ilr.law.uiowa.edu/sites/ilr.law.uiowa.edu/files/2023-02/ILR-99-3-RayburnYung.pdf.

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